This blog is a response to a task assigned by Dilip Barad sir, Department of English (MKBU). This blog is about Indian Poetics. Click here for more details.
Indian Poetics is a branch of criticism that grows in Indian Sanskrit Literature. There are classification of the theories.
Language (Alankar)
Style (Riti)
Verbal Symbolism (Dhwani)
Aesthetic Experience (Rasa)
Narrative (Mahakavya)
Discourse Analysis
Comprehensive Analysis
There is a major difference between Shastra and Kavya. Shastra is related to critical analysis and it is written for serious interpretation but kavya is for just experience and enjoyment.
There are various Interpretive Instruments such as:
Philosophy
Grammar
Etymology
Logical Reasoning
Theory of Meaning and Metarules
Rasa Theory:
It is also related to the taste that we experience. Which are sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami or savoury. It is stated by Bharat in his work Natyashastra. Later some more points were added by Dhananjay.bhamah, Dandi and Vaman have also given their views on the same.According to Bharat whatever we feel from the literature that is from our own experience. Dhanajay and Abhinavgupta have given their views on the same.
Alankar:
It is also known as a figure of speech. It is the first literary theory and it has lasted many years. It is related to figurative expression, grammatical accuracy and pleasantness of sound. There are 68 Alankaras. Some major alankaras are Upama, Rupak, Prastut, Dipak, Vyatirek, Virodh and Samuchchay. It is also known as the ornaments of the language. It makes language more beautiful. Alankar helps in creating vivid imagery, adding rhythm, and conveying emotions effectively in poetry and prose.
Riti:
'रीतिरात्मा काव्यस्य; विशिष्टापदरचना रीति: |'
In Indian poetry, Riti is like the style or vibe of a poem. The concept of Riti is given by Bharat in his book Natya Shastra. Vaman also has given his views on Riti. It's about using words and expressions in just the right way to make the poem sound beautiful and meaningful. It's about using language in a way that fits with what people expect from poetry. Different languages and cultures in India have their own ways of doing Riti. it is also related to themes, effect on the views, sentiments. Riti is also called diction.
Dhwani:
Anandvardhan was a pioneer of the dhvani sampraday in his book ‘Dhvanyaloka’. There are two major components that are important. 1) word and 2) meaning. Dhwani is related to the word and its imposed meaning. There are three different components in the language Abhidha, Lakshana, and Vyanjana. In these three components we have to get different meanings out of the language.
“હરિવર મુજને હરિ ગયો.” ~નિરંજન ભગત
"તમારી લાલ પેન્સીલ મને આપો."
Vakrokti:
વક્ર+ઉકતી= વક્રોક્તિ
Vakrokti is a concept in Indian poetics that's a bit like looking at something from a different angle. Using wit language in the literature. It's about expressing ideas in a clever or unexpected way to make them more interesting and memorable. Twisting words a little to make a story more fun or surprising.
E.g. When we say that “ You come very early” when someone is late. It is implied that the person is late.
Auchitya:
"Auchitya" is a term used in Indian poetics that refers to the quality of appropriateness or suitability in literary composition. It's about using words, expressions, and literary devices in a way that feels just right for the context and the subject matter of the poem or writing. It is like having a sense of in which way the language should be used in the literature. In poetry or literature, Auchitya is important because it helps the reader feel connected to the text. When the words and expressions used in a poem or story feel just right, it makes the reader feel like they understand and relate to what's being said.
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